What is MPPT Solar Charge Controller

 What is MPPT Solar Charge Controller?

This article mainly introduces the working principle and application of MPPT Solar Charge Controller.

     The MPPT solar controller is actually a DC-DC converter, but this converter is very efficient, and can also adjust the voltage and current of solar charging according to the state of the battery。

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Why the state of charge of the MPPT controller needs to be adjusted according to the state of the battery？

      As we all know, the Mppt Solar Charge Controller exists to protect the battery, and the voltage of the battery will also change with the amount of battery power. When the voltage is low, it means that the battery has less power, and when the voltage is high, it means that the battery has sufficient power, such as a 12V battery. When the power is about 10V, it means that the battery is basically out of power and needs to be charged urgently. At this time, Mppt Solar Charge Controller will charge the battery with the maximum power. When the battery power is at 14V, it means that the battery is almost fully charged. The Mppt Solar Charge Controller will charge the battery with a small current, so the charging state of the Mppt Solar Charge Controller is adjusted according to the battery power.

    Please remember that only when the battery power is low, the MPPT solar charge controller will charge the battery with the maximum power. When the battery power is high, the charging power of the MPPT solar charge controller is very small, this is for better Protect the battery and prolong the life of the battery.

Why is the efficiency of the MPPT controller high?

  According to wikipedia.org, solar panels only convert light energy into electrical energy. Taking a 100W solar panel as an example, the voltage of the solar panel is 18-21V, and the current is only 5A. When charging, most of the battery voltage reaches 14V Left and right, the current is also 5A, and the power is only 14V*5A=70W. Where does the missing 30W go?

       The MPPT solar charge controller is different. Although the voltage is only 14V, the current will increase to 7A, so that 98W of energy can be charged into the battery. This is the advantage of the MPPT solar charge controller.

How Maximum Power Point Tracking works

    Here is where the optimization or maximum power point tracking comes in. Assume your battery is low, at 12 volts. An MPPT takes that 17.6 volts at 7.4 amps and converts it down so that what the battery gets is now 10.8 amps at 12 volts. Now you still have almost 130 watts, and everyone is happy.

   Ideally, for 100% power conversion you would get around 11.3 amps at 11.5 volts, but you have to feed the battery a higher voltage to force the amps in. And this is a simplified explanation – in actual fact, the output of the MPPT charge controller might vary continually to adjust for getting the maximum amps into the battery.